DNA methylation is an important part of Epigenetics and plays an important role in maintaining normal cell function, genetic imprinting, embryonic development and human tumorigenesis. It is one of the new research hotspots at present.

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DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms first discovered and most thoroughly studied. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) catalyzed by S-adenosyl Methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor to obtain a methyl group by means of covalent bond. This DNA methylation can occur at c-5 of cytosine, N-6 of adenine, and N-7 of guanine. DNA methylation involved in general studies mainly refers to the methylation process of the 5th carbon atom on the cytosine in CpG dinucleotide, and its product is called 5-methylcytosine (5-MC), which is the main form of DNA methylation in eukaryotes such as plants and animals, and the only form of DNA methylation found in mammals. DNA methylation is a relatively stable modification state. Under the action of DNA methyltransferase, DNA methyltransferase can be passed on to the new offspring DNA along with the DNA replication process, which is an important epigenetic mechanism.

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